Humanities > Psychoanalysis >
Primary Process, Secondary Process
Definition:
Primary Process and Secondary Process are two key concepts in psychoanalytic theory, proposed by Sigmund Freud. The Primary Process refers to the basic, unconscious mental processes such as wish fulfillment, immediate gratification, and the formation of dreams. It operates based on the pleasure principle and lacks logical thinking or the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy. On the other hand, the Secondary Process involves conscious, rational thinking, problem-solving, and reality testing. It develops as a person matures and learns to control and delay gratification, functioning based on the reality principle. In psychological terms, Primary Process represents the primal, instinctual forces of the mind, while Secondary Process represents the higher-level cognitive functions that help individuals adapt to the external world.
Understanding the Mind: Primary Process and Secondary Process
In psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud introduced the concepts of Primary Process and Secondary Process to explain the workings of the human mind. These two processes are integral to the understanding of our thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
Primary Process
The Primary Process is the initial way in which the mind operates, characterized by the unconscious and primitive urges and desires. It is driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of needs without considering the consequences or reality. Primary Process thinking is often irrational, illogical, and based on raw emotions rather than reasoning.
For example, a person experiencing hunger might immediately seek out food without considering factors such as availability or social norms.
Secondary Process
On the other hand, the Secondary Process is a more refined and mature way of thinking that develops as we grow and learn. It is governed by the reality principle, which takes into account social norms, consequences, and logic. Secondary Process thinking involves planning, problem-solving, and delayed gratification.
For instance, instead of immediately eating when hungry, someone may think about where to find food, the nutritional value of different options, and when would be the most appropriate time to eat.
Understanding the interplay between the Primary and Secondary Processes in our minds sheds light on our behaviors and helps us make sense of our impulses and decisions. While the Primary Process reflects our instinctual drives and immediate needs, the Secondary Process allows us to navigate the complexities of everyday life in a more adaptive and thoughtful manner.
If you want to learn more about this subject, we recommend these books.
You may also be interested in the following topics: