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Long-term memory
Definition:
Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period, potentially indefinitely. It involves the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories, allowing for the retention of knowledge, experiences, and skills over time.
The Intricacies of Long-term Memory in Cognitive Science
Understanding the Foundations
Long-term memory is a crucial component of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. It refers to the storage of information over an extended period, from minutes to a lifetime.
The Process of Encoding and Retrieval
In cognitive science, long-term memory involves encoding, consolidating, and retrieving information. Encoding is the initial process of storing information, consolidation ensures the information becomes stable and retrievable, and retrieval is the act of accessing stored information.
The Types of Long-term Memory
Long-term memory is often divided into two main types: declarative (explicit) memory and non-declarative (implicit) memory. Declarative memory encompasses facts and events that can be consciously recalled, while non-declarative memory includes skills and procedures that are typically unconscious.
The Role of the Hippocampus and Cortex
The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the formation of new long-term memories, particularly declarative memories. It interacts with the cortex during the encoding and consolidation process, transferring information for long-term storage.
Factors Influencing Long-term Memory
Several factors can influence long-term memory, such as attention, rehearsal, emotional arousal, and stress. These elements can impact the encoding and retrieval processes, ultimately shaping the strength and durability of stored memories.
Applications in Cognitive Science
The study of long-term memory is essential in understanding human cognition, learning, and behavior. By unraveling the mechanisms behind memory encoding and retrieval, researchers can enhance educational practices, therapeutic interventions, and overall cognitive functioning.
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