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Cognitive biases
Definition:
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from rationality in judgment, whereby individuals create their own "subjective reality" based on their perception of the world, which may differ from actual reality. These biases often result in skewed decision-making and flawed reasoning processes.
The Intriguing World of Cognitive Biases
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. These biases often arise from the brain's attempt to simplify information processing. In the field of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience, understanding these biases can give us insights into how the human mind works.
Types of Cognitive Biases
There are numerous cognitive biases that have been identified by researchers in the field. Some common examples include:
- Confirmation Bias: The tendency to search for, interpret, focus on, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.
- Availability Heuristic: Basing judgments on readily available information, even if it's not necessarily the most accurate.
- Anchoring Bias: Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.
- Bandwagon Effect: The tendency to do or believe things because many other people do, regardless of the evidence.
Impact of Cognitive Biases
Understanding cognitive biases is crucial, as they can significantly impact decision-making processes, problem-solving abilities, and behavior. These biases can lead to errors in judgment, distorted perceptions of reality, and hinder our ability to make rational choices.
By becoming aware of these biases and learning to recognize them in ourselves and others, we can take steps to mitigate their effects. Techniques such as critical thinking, mindfulness, and cognitive restructuring can help in overcoming cognitive biases and making more informed decisions.
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